Sanctions Evasion Reference

Sources

Every dataset this site ingests and every document it cites, with publisher, licence, update cadence and last fetch date. The ingest table is generated from the scripts' own metadata files.

ingested datasets

6

cited documents

225

last ingest

2026-10-27

Ingested datasets

These are refetched by scripts in this site's repository, running locally on a schedule. The table below is generated from the _meta.json file each script writes, so the dates here are the real fetch dates. If a dataset stops updating, this page stops moving, which is the point of generating it this way rather than maintaining it by hand.

DatasetPublisher LicenceCadence RecordsLast fetched
comtrade-mirror UN Comtrade (public preview endpoint) UN Comtrade terms of use: free for non-commercial use with attribution monthly 108 2026-09-07
csl-stats International Trade Administration, Consolidated Screening List US federal government work, public domain (17 U.S.C. § 105) weekly 7 2026-10-27
designations OFAC Recent Actions US federal government work, public domain (17 U.S.C. § 105) daily 98 2026-10-27
ofac-penalties OFAC Civil Penalties and Enforcement Information US federal government work, public domain (17 U.S.C. § 105) weekly 287 2026-10-27
ofsi-penalties OFSI, HM Treasury: Enforcement of financial sanctions UK Open Government Licence v3.0 weekly 21 2026-10-27
sdn-stats OFAC Specially Designated Nationals and Blocked Persons List (SDN.XML) US federal government work, public domain (17 U.S.C. § 105) daily 6 2026-10-27

Licensing decisions we have had to make

OpenSanctions

OpenSanctions is free for non-commercial use and separately licensed for commercial use. We do not ingest OpenSanctions data. The decision was made deliberately early, to avoid relying on a non-commercial characterisation of a site that might not always be structured that way — and this site now carries advertising, which settles the question rather than raising it for the first time. Where cross-authority entity counts appear on this site they come from the authorities' own published files, which are government works.

UN Comtrade

Used through the public preview endpoint, which requires no key. Comtrade's terms permit free use for non-commercial purposes with attribution, which every chart drawn from it carries. Advertising on this site raised the same question that ruled out OpenSanctions, and this dataset was reviewed against it separately rather than treated as settled by that earlier decision. Comtrade's own description of the database is for use "by governments, academia, research institutes, and enterprises" — broader than a strict non-commercial reading — and the conclusion reached was that an ad-supported public reference publishing derived aggregates, not reselling or redistributing the underlying data, is not the use the non-commercial term is aimed at restricting. Only derived aggregates are published here; the bulk data is not redistributed.

US federal government works

OFAC, BIS, FinCEN and Department of Justice material is not subject to copyright in the United States under 17 U.S.C. § 105. We republish only derived statistics and links, not the lists themselves — anyone screening against sanctions must use the authority's own files.

Everything else

FATF, Egmont Group, UN Panel of Experts and OFSI documents are cited and linked, never reproduced. Where this site quotes a red-flag indicator it does so at the length necessary to state the indicator, with attribution to the publisher, and links to the source document.

This site's own text

Licensed CC BY 4.0. The glossary is additionally published as a machine-readable file so that the other sites in this set can use identical definitions.

Documents cited

Every document any page on this site cites, in one list. All 225 URLs are checked by npm run check before deploy, including a check for soft 404s where an agency silently redirects a retired document path to its homepage.

Official advisories and guidance

  1. Frequently Asked Questions. U.S. Department of the Treasury, Office of Foreign Assets Control, 2026.
  2. Alerts, Advisories, Notices, Bulletins and Fact Sheets. U.S. Financial Crimes Enforcement Network, 2026.
  3. Sudan and Darfur Sanctions. U.S. Department of the Treasury, Office of Foreign Assets Control, 2026. Overview; former Sudan sanctions and E.O. 13761 revocation.
  4. FinCEN Alert on the Use of Front Companies, Financial Facilitators, and Digital Asset Infrastructure by Iran’s Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps to Evade Sanctions and Launder Proceeds. U.S. Financial Crimes Enforcement Network, 2026. FIN-2026-Alert002, 11 May 2026.
  5. FinCEN Advisory on the Iranian Regime’s Illicit Oil Smuggling Activities, Shadow Banking Networks, and Weapons Procurement Efforts. U.S. Financial Crimes Enforcement Network, 2025. FIN-2025-A002, 6 June 2025.
  6. Don't Let This Happen to You: Actual Investigations of Export Control and Antiboycott Violations. U.S. Bureau of Industry and Security, Office of Export Enforcement, 2024.
  7. Consolidated FAQs on the implementation of Council Regulation (EU) No 833/2014 and No 269/2014. European Commission, 2024. Part 4, on the value of goods (as quoted by the Tartu Court of Appeal).
  8. Tri-Seal Compliance Note: Obligations of foreign-based persons to comply with U.S. sanctions and export control laws. U.S. Departments of Commerce, the Treasury (OFAC) and Justice, 2024. Applicability of U.S. Sanctions and Export Control Laws to Foreign-Based Persons; OFAC Enforcement Actions Against Foreign Persons; 6 March 2024.
  9. Sanctions Advisory for the Maritime Oil Industry and Related Sectors. U.S. Department of the Treasury, Office of Foreign Assets Control, 2023. Price cap advisory, 12 October 2023.
  10. Alert: Possible Evasion of the Russian Oil Price Cap. U.S. Department of the Treasury, Office of Foreign Assets Control, 2023. OFAC alert, 17 April 2023.
  11. Supplemental Alert: FinCEN and BIS Urge Continued Vigilance for Potential Russian Export Control Evasion Attempts (FIN-2023-Alert004). FinCEN and U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Industry and Security, 2023. footnotes 20 and 24.
  12. Joint Alert: FinCEN and BIS Urge Increased Vigilance for Potential Russian Export Control Evasion Attempts (FIN-2022-Alert003). FinCEN and U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Industry and Security, 2022. footnote 21.
  13. Sanctions Compliance Guidance for the Virtual Currency Industry. U.S. Department of the Treasury, Office of Foreign Assets Control, 2021.
  14. Guidance to Address Illicit Shipping and Sanctions Evasion Practices. U.S. Department of State, U.S. Department of the Treasury and U.S. Coast Guard, 2020. Global maritime advisory, 14 May 2020.
  15. Syria Shipping Advisory: Sanctions Risks Related to Petroleum Shipments to Syria. U.S. Department of the Treasury, Office of Foreign Assets Control, 2019.
  16. A Framework for OFAC Compliance Commitments. U.S. Department of the Treasury, Office of Foreign Assets Control, 2019. Risk Assessment, Mergers and Acquisitions (M&A); Root Causes, item III; General Aspects of an SCP, Testing and Auditing.
  17. North Korea Vessel Advisory: Sanctions Risks Related to Shipping with North Korea. U.S. Department of the Treasury, Office of Foreign Assets Control, 2018.

Typology and standard-setting reports

  1. Egmont Group of Financial Intelligence Units. Egmont Group, 2026.
  2. Correspondent banking principles and guidance. The Wolfsberg Group, 2022.
  3. Wolfsberg Financial Crime Principles for Correspondent Banking. The Wolfsberg Group, 2022.
  4. Trade-Based Money Laundering: Risk Indicators. Financial Action Task Force and Egmont Group, 2021.
  5. Guidance on Proliferation Financing Risk Assessment and Mitigation. Financial Action Task Force, 2021.
  6. Updated Guidance for a Risk-Based Approach to Virtual Assets and Virtual Asset Service Providers. Financial Action Task Force, 2021.
  7. Trade-Based Money Laundering: Trends and Developments. Financial Action Task Force and Egmont Group, 2020.
  8. ISSA Financial Crime Compliance Principles for Securities Custody and Settlement: Background & Overview. International Securities Services Association (ISSA), 2019. Section 4.6, Omnibus Accounts; Section 4.7, Disclosure of Holdings.
  9. Concealment of Beneficial Ownership. Financial Action Task Force and Egmont Group, 2018.
  10. Professional Money Laundering. Financial Action Task Force, 2018.
  11. The Role of Hawala and Other Similar Service Providers in Money Laundering and Terrorist Financing. Financial Action Task Force, 2013.

UN Panel of Experts reports

  1. Unlawful Military Cooperation including Arms Transfers between North Korea and Russia (MSMT/2025/1). Multilateral Sanctions Monitoring Team, 2025. First MSMT report, 29 May 2025; circulated to the Security Council as S/2025/340.
  2. The DPRK's Violation and Evasion of UN Sanctions through Cyber and Information Technology Worker Activities (MSMT/2025/2). Multilateral Sanctions Monitoring Team, 2025. Second MSMT report, 22 October 2025.
  3. Final report of the Panel of Experts on Yemen, S/2025/650. United Nations Security Council, Panel of Experts on Yemen, 2025. S/2025/650, 17 October 2025.
  4. Reports of the Panel of Experts, 1718 Committee (Democratic People's Republic of Korea). United Nations Security Council, 2024.
  5. Report of the Panel of Experts established pursuant to resolution 1874 (2009). United Nations Security Council, 2024. S/2024/215, the Panel's final report before its mandate lapsed.
  6. Final report of the Panel of Experts on Libya, S/2024/914. United Nations Security Council, Panel of Experts on Libya, 2024. S/2024/914, 13 December 2024.
  7. Midterm report of the Panel of Experts established pursuant to resolution 1874 (2009). United Nations Security Council, 2019. S/2019/691.
  8. Report of the Panel of Experts established pursuant to resolution 1874 (2009). United Nations Security Council, 2018. S/2018/171.

Regulations, lists and legal instruments

  1. Sanctions Programs and Country Information. U.S. Department of the Treasury, Office of Foreign Assets Control, 2026.
  2. Entity List, Supplement No. 4 to Part 744 of the Export Administration Regulations. U.S. Bureau of Industry and Security, 2026.
  3. Sanctions (restrictive measures). European Commission, Directorate-General for Financial Stability, 2026.
  4. Canadian sanctions. Global Affairs Canada, 2026.
  5. Australia and sanctions. Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, 2026.
  6. Sanctions and embargoes. Swiss State Secretariat for Economic Affairs (SECO), 2026.
  7. Cuban Assets Control Regulations, 31 CFR Part 515. U.S. Department of the Treasury, Office of Foreign Assets Control, 2026. 31 CFR Part 515; issued 9 July 1963 (28 FR 6974).
  8. Burma Sanctions Regulations, 31 CFR Part 525. U.S. Department of the Treasury, Office of Foreign Assets Control, 2026. 31 CFR Part 525; E.O. 14014.
  9. Yemen Sanctions Regulations, 31 CFR Part 552. U.S. Department of the Treasury, Office of Foreign Assets Control, 2026. 31 CFR Part 552; E.O. 13611.
  10. Libyan Sanctions Regulations, 31 CFR Part 570. U.S. Department of the Treasury, Office of Foreign Assets Control, 2026. 31 CFR Part 570; E.O. 13566 and E.O. 13726.
  11. Libya Sanctions Committee (1970). United Nations Security Council, 2026.
  12. 2140 Sanctions Committee (Yemen). United Nations Security Council, 2026.
  13. Reporting, Procedures and Penalties Regulations, 31 CFR Part 501. U.S. Department of the Treasury, Office of Foreign Assets Control, 2026. 31 CFR 501.801 (licensing) and 501.807 (delisting).
  14. Economic Sanctions Enforcement Guidelines, Appendix A to 31 CFR Part 501. U.S. Department of the Treasury, Office of Foreign Assets Control, 2026. Sections I (definitions), II (responses), III (general factors), V.B (penalty calculation).
  15. Iranian Transactions and Sanctions Regulations, 31 CFR Part 560. U.S. Department of the Treasury, Office of Foreign Assets Control, 2026. 31 CFR 560.215 (foreign entities owned or controlled by US persons).
  16. The FATF Recommendations. Financial Action Task Force, 2025.
  17. Red Flags, Supplement No. 3 to Part 732 of the Export Administration Regulations. U.S. Bureau of Industry and Security (via the electronic Code of Federal Regulations), 2025. The canonical BIS red-flag indicators of possible unlawful diversion.
  18. Common High Priority Items List (CHPL). U.S. Bureau of Industry and Security, with the European Union, Japan and the United Kingdom, 2024. Common High Priority Items List (CHPL), 23 February 2024.
  19. Financial sanctions enforcement and monetary penalties guidance. HM Treasury, Office of Financial Sanctions Implementation, 2024. Section 146 of the Policing and Crime Act 2017 as amended.
  20. Executive Order 14114, Taking Additional Steps With Respect to the Russian Federation's Harmful Activities. Federal Register, 2023. 88 FR 89271, section 11 of E.O. 14024 as added.
  21. Budget Implementation Act, 2022, No. 1, Part 5 Division 31. Government of Canada (Justice Laws Website), 2022. Forfeiture of property seized under the Special Economic Measures Act.
  22. Policing and Crime Act 2017, section 146. UK Parliament (legislation.gov.uk), 2017.
  23. Revised Guidance on Entities Owned by Persons Whose Property and Interests in Property Are Blocked. U.S. Department of the Treasury, Office of Foreign Assets Control, 2014. The 50 Percent Rule, 13 August 2014.
  24. Council Regulation (EU) No 833/2014 concerning restrictive measures in view of Russia's actions destabilising the situation in Ukraine. Council of the European Union, 2014. Articles 3i and 5aa as inserted in 2022 and 2023.

Penalty notices and enforcement releases

  1. Imposition of Monetary Penalty – Deutsche Bank AG London Branch (DBLB). HM Treasury, Office of Financial Sanctions Implementation, 2026. Public penalty notice, 30 April 2026.
  2. Imposition of Monetary Penalty – Sabre Global Technologies Limited (SGTL). HM Treasury, Office of Financial Sanctions Implementation, 2026. Public penalty notice, 26 May 2026.
  3. Imposition of Monetary Penalty – Citibank, N.A., London Branch. HM Treasury, Office of Financial Sanctions Implementation, 2026. Public penalty notice, 11 August 2026.
  4. Civil Penalties and Enforcement Information. U.S. Department of the Treasury, Office of Foreign Assets Control, 2026.
  5. Financial sanctions enforcement: decisions and monetary penalties imposed. HM Treasury, Office of Financial Sanctions Implementation, 2026.
  6. Enforcement action: Adani Enterprises Limited. U.S. Department of the Treasury, Office of Foreign Assets Control, 2026. Penalty notice, 2026-05-18, US$275,000,000.
  7. Enforcement release: FTI Consulting, Inc. Settles with OFAC for $1,050,000. U.S. Department of the Treasury, Office of Foreign Assets Control, 2026. Enforcement release, 2026-06-01, US$1,050,000.
  8. Enforcement release: IMG Academy, LLC Settles with OFAC for $1.7 Million. U.S. Department of the Treasury, Office of Foreign Assets Control, 2026. Enforcement release, 2026-02-12, US$1,720,000.
  9. TradeStation Securities, Inc. Settles with OFAC for $1,110,661. U.S. Department of the Treasury, Office of Foreign Assets Control, 2026. Enforcement release, 2026-03-17, US$1,110,661.
  10. Rice Lake Weighing Systems Settles with OFAC for $60,764. U.S. Department of the Treasury, Office of Foreign Assets Control, 2026. Enforcement release, 2026-08-12, US$60,764.
  11. Imposition of Monetary Penalty – Apple Distribution International Limited (ADI). HM Treasury, Office of Financial Sanctions Implementation, 2026. Public penalty notice, 19 March 2026.
  12. Extreme Networks Settles with OFAC for $1,529,685 for Apparent Violations of the Ukraine-/Russia-Related Sanctions Regulations. U.S. Department of the Treasury, Office of Foreign Assets Control, 2026. Enforcement release, 2026-10-27, US$1,529,685.
  13. Bank of America, N.A. Settles with OFAC for $11,662,930 Related to Apparent Violations of Multiple Sanctions Programs. U.S. Department of the Treasury, Office of Foreign Assets Control, 2026. Enforcement release, 2026-10-13, US$11,662,930.
  14. Pegasus Worldwide Logistics Settles with OFAC for $175,015 for Apparent Violations of Counter Narcotics Sanctions. U.S. Department of the Treasury, Office of Foreign Assets Control, 2026. Enforcement release, 2026-10-09, US$175,015.
  15. Imposition of Monetary Penalty – Svarog Shipping & Trading Company Limited. HM Treasury, Office of Financial Sanctions Implementation, 2025. Public penalty notice, 11 April 2025.
  16. Imposition of Monetary Penalty – Colorcon Limited. HM Treasury, Office of Financial Sanctions Implementation, 2025. Public penalty notice, 10 September 2025.
  17. Imposition of Monetary Penalty – Markom Management Ltd (MML). HM Treasury, Office of Financial Sanctions Implementation, 2025. Public penalty notice, 10 January 2025.
  18. Enforcement action: GVA Capital Ltd.. U.S. Department of the Treasury, Office of Foreign Assets Control, 2025. Penalty notice, 2025-06-12, US$215,988,868.
  19. Enforcement action: Family International Realty LLC and an Individual. U.S. Department of the Treasury, Office of Foreign Assets Control, 2025. Penalty notice, 2025-01-16, US$1,076,923.
  20. Enforcement release: Exodus Movement, Inc. Settles with OFAC for $3,103,360. U.S. Department of the Treasury, Office of Foreign Assets Control, 2025. Enforcement release, 2025-12-16, US$3,103,360.
  21. Enforcement release: Harman International Industries, Inc. Settles with OFAC for $1,454,145. U.S. Department of the Treasury, Office of Foreign Assets Control, 2025. Enforcement release, 2025-07-08, US$1,454,145.
  22. Enforcement release: Haas Automation, Inc. Settles with OFAC for $1,044,781. U.S. Department of the Treasury, Office of Foreign Assets Control, 2025. Enforcement release, 2025-01-17, US$1,044,781.
  23. Enforcement release: OFAC Imposes $7,139,305 Penalty on Gracetown, Inc.. U.S. Department of the Treasury, Office of Foreign Assets Control, 2025. Enforcement release, 2025-12-04, US$7,139,305.
  24. Enforcement release: ShapeShift AG Settles with OFAC for $750,000. U.S. Department of the Treasury, Office of Foreign Assets Control, 2025. Enforcement release, 2025-09-22, US$750,000.
  25. Interactive Brokers LLC Settles with OFAC for $11,832,136. U.S. Department of the Treasury, Office of Foreign Assets Control, 2025. Enforcement release, 2025-07-15, US$11,832,136.
  26. IPI Partners, LLC Settles with OFAC for $11,485,352. U.S. Department of the Treasury, Office of Foreign Assets Control, 2025. Enforcement release, 2025-12-02, US$11,485,352.
  27. Key Holding, LLC Settles with OFAC for $608,825. U.S. Department of the Treasury, Office of Foreign Assets Control, 2025. Enforcement release, 2025-07-02, US$608,825.
  28. Fracht FWO Inc. Settles with OFAC for $1,610,775. U.S. Department of the Treasury, Office of Foreign Assets Control, 2025. Enforcement release, 2025-09-03, US$1,610,775.
  29. Unicat Catalyst Technologies, LLC Settles with OFAC for $3,882,797. U.S. Department of the Treasury, Office of Foreign Assets Control, 2025. Enforcement release, 2025-06-16, US$3,882,797.
  30. Report Concerning Breach of Financial Sanctions Regulations: Publication of a Report – Information offences. HM Treasury, Office of Financial Sanctions Implementation, 2025. Public disclosure notice, 14 March 2025.
  31. Imposition of Monetary Penalty – Bank of Scotland PLC. HM Treasury, Office of Financial Sanctions Implementation, 2025. Public penalty notice, 10 November 2025.
  32. Publication of a Report – Vanquis Bank Limited. HM Treasury, Office of Financial Sanctions Implementation, 2025. Report under s149(3) PACA 2017, 8 September 2025.
  33. Imposition of Monetary Penalty – Herbert Smith Freehills CIS LLP (HSF Moscow). HM Treasury, Office of Financial Sanctions Implementation, 2024. Public penalty notice, 11 November 2024.
  34. Enforcement action: SkyGeek Logistics, Inc.. U.S. Department of the Treasury, Office of Foreign Assets Control, 2024. Penalty notice, 2024-12-31, US$22,172.
  35. Enforcement release: Aiotec GmbH Settles with OFAC for $14,550,000. U.S. Department of the Treasury, Office of Foreign Assets Control, 2024. Enforcement release, 2024-12-03, US$14,550,000.
  36. Enforcement release: SCG Plastics Co., Ltd. Settles with OFAC for $20,000,000. U.S. Department of the Treasury, Office of Foreign Assets Control, 2024. Enforcement release, 2024-04-19, US$20,000,000.
  37. Enforcement release: Vietnam Beverage Company Limited settles with OFAC for $860,000. U.S. Department of the Treasury, Office of Foreign Assets Control, 2024. Enforcement release, 2024-10-17, US$860,000.
  38. Enforcement release: Mondo TV, S.p.a. Settles with OFAC for $538,000. U.S. Department of the Treasury, Office of Foreign Assets Control, 2024. Enforcement release, 2024-06-26, US$538,000.
  39. Enforcement release: SkyGeek Logistics, Inc. Settles with OFAC for $22,172. U.S. Department of the Treasury, Office of Foreign Assets Control, 2024. Enforcement release, 2024-12-31, US$22,172.
  40. Enforcement release: EFG International AG Settles with OFAC for $3,740,442. U.S. Department of the Treasury, Office of Foreign Assets Control, 2024. Enforcement release, 2024-03-14, US$3,740,442.
  41. Enforcement release: C.H. Robinson International Inc. Settles with OFAC for $257,690. U.S. Department of the Treasury, Office of Foreign Assets Control, 2024. Enforcement release, 2024-12-13, US$257,690.
  42. State Street Bank and Trust Company Settles with OFAC for $7,452,501. U.S. Department of the Treasury, Office of Foreign Assets Control, 2024. Enforcement release, 2024-07-26, US$7,452,501.
  43. Imposition of Monetary Penalty – Integral Concierge Services Limited. HM Treasury, Office of Financial Sanctions Implementation, 2024. Report of penalty, s149(2) PACA 2017, 29 August 2024.
  44. Enforcement action: Binance. U.S. Department of the Treasury, Office of Foreign Assets Control, 2023. Penalty notice, 2023-11-21, US$968,618,825.
  45. Enforcement action: British American Tobacco p.l.c.. U.S. Department of the Treasury, Office of Foreign Assets Control, 2023. Penalty notice, 2023-04-25, US$508,612,492.
  46. Enforcement action: Swedbank AS (Latvia). U.S. Department of the Treasury, Office of Foreign Assets Control, 2023. Penalty notice, 2023-06-20, US$3,430,900.
  47. OFAC Settles with Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. for $30,000,000. U.S. Department of the Treasury, Office of Foreign Assets Control, 2023. Enforcement release, 2023-03-30, US$30,000,000.
  48. OFAC Settles with Nasdaq, Inc. for $4,040,923. U.S. Department of the Treasury, Office of Foreign Assets Control, 2023. Enforcement release, 2023-12-08, US$4,040,923.
  49. OFAC Settles with Murad, LLC for $3,334,286 and with a Former Senior Executive for $175,000. U.S. Department of the Treasury, Office of Foreign Assets Control, 2023. Enforcement release, 2023-05-17, US$3,334,286 and US$175,000.
  50. OFAC Settles with Poloniex, LLC for $7,591,630. U.S. Department of the Treasury, Office of Foreign Assets Control, 2023. Enforcement release, 2023-05-01, US$7,591,630.
  51. OFAC Settles with Microsoft Corporation for $2,980,265.86 Related to Apparent Violations of Multiple OFAC Sanctions Programs. U.S. Department of the Treasury, Office of Foreign Assets Control, 2023. Enforcement release, 2023-04-06, US$2,980,265.86.
  52. Publication of a Report – Wise Payments Limited. HM Treasury, Office of Financial Sanctions Implementation, 2023. Report under s149(3) PACA 2017, 31 August 2023.
  53. Enforcement action: Bittrex, Inc.. U.S. Department of the Treasury, Office of Foreign Assets Control, 2022. Penalty notice, 2022-10-11, US$24,280,829.2.
  54. Enforcement action: Sojitz (Hong Kong) Limited. U.S. Department of the Treasury, Office of Foreign Assets Control, 2022. Penalty notice, 2022-01-11, US$5,228,298.
  55. Enforcement action: Toll Holdings Limited. U.S. Department of the Treasury, Office of Foreign Assets Control, 2022. Penalty notice, 2022-04-25, US$6,131,855.
  56. OFAC Settles with Danfoss A/S for $4,379,810. U.S. Department of the Treasury, Office of Foreign Assets Control, 2022. Enforcement release, 2022-12-30, US$4,379,810.
  57. Imposition of Monetary Penalty – Tracerco Limited. HM Treasury, Office of Financial Sanctions Implementation, 2022. Public penalty notice, 19 May 2022.
  58. Imposition of Monetary Penalty – Hong Kong International Wine and Spirits Competition Ltd. HM Treasury, Office of Financial Sanctions Implementation, 2022. Report of penalty, s149(2) PACA 2017, 26 April 2022.
  59. Enforcement action: Nordgas, S.r.l.. U.S. Department of the Treasury, Office of Foreign Assets Control, 2021. Penalty notice, 2021-03-26, US$950,000.
  60. OFAC Settles with PT Bukit Muria Jaya for Apparent Violations of the North Korea Sanctions Regulations. U.S. Department of the Treasury, Office of Foreign Assets Control, 2021. Enforcement release, 2021-01-14, US$1,016,000.
  61. OFAC Enters Into $8,572,500 Settlement with Union de Banques Arabes et Françaises. U.S. Department of the Treasury, Office of Foreign Assets Control, 2021. Enforcement release, 2021-01-04, US$8,572,500.
  62. OFAC Enters Into $1,385,901.40 Settlement with Payoneer Inc. for Apparent Violations of Multiple Sanctions Programs. U.S. Department of the Treasury, Office of Foreign Assets Control, 2021. Enforcement release, 2021-07-23, US$1,385,901.40.
  63. Imposition of Monetary Penalty – Clear Junction Limited. HM Treasury, Office of Financial Sanctions Implementation, 2021. Public penalty notice, penalty imposed 2 February 2021; ministerial review concluded 25 June 2021.
  64. Imposition of Monetary Penalty – TransferGo Limited. HM Treasury, Office of Financial Sanctions Implementation, 2021. Public penalty notice, ministerial review upheld 25 June 2021.
  65. Imposition of Monetary Penalty – Standard Chartered Bank. HM Treasury, Office of Financial Sanctions Implementation, 2020. Report of penalty, s149(2) PACA 2017, 18 February 2020.
  66. Enforcement action: Essentra FZE Company Limited. U.S. Department of the Treasury, Office of Foreign Assets Control, 2020. Penalty notice, 2020-07-16, US$665,112.
  67. OFAC Settles with Berkshire Hathaway Inc. with Respect to Apparent Violations of the Iranian Transactions and Sanctions Regulations Engaged in by one of its Foreign Subsidiaries. U.S. Department of the Treasury, Office of Foreign Assets Control, 2020. Enforcement release, 2020-10-20, US$4,144,651.
  68. Société Internationale de Télécommunications Aéronautiques SCRL ("SITA") Settles Potential Civil Liability for Apparent Violations of the Global Terrorism Sanctions Regulations. U.S. Department of the Treasury, Office of Foreign Assets Control, 2020. Enforcement information, 2020-02-26, US$7,829,640.
  69. Enforcement action: Standard Chartered Bank. U.S. Department of the Treasury, Office of Foreign Assets Control, 2019. Penalty notice, 2019-04-09, US$657,040,033.
  70. Enforcement action: UniCredit Bank. U.S. Department of the Treasury, Office of Foreign Assets Control, 2019. Penalty notice, 2019-04-15, US$611,023,421.
  71. Enforcement action: MID-SHIP Group. U.S. Department of the Treasury, Office of Foreign Assets Control, 2019. Penalty notice, 2019-05-02, US$871,837.
  72. Enforcement action: Apollo Aviation Group, LLC. U.S. Department of the Treasury, Office of Foreign Assets Control, 2019. Penalty notice, 2019-11-07, US$210,600.
  73. The General Electric Company Settles Potential Civil Liability for Alleged Violations of the Cuban Assets Control Regulations. U.S. Department of the Treasury, Office of Foreign Assets Control, 2019. Enforcement information, 2019-10-01, US$2,718,581.
  74. Imposition of Monetary Penalty – Telia Carrier UK Limited. HM Treasury, Office of Financial Sanctions Implementation, 2019. Public penalty notice, 9 September 2019.
  75. Imposition of Monetary Penalty – Travelex (UK) Ltd. HM Treasury, Office of Financial Sanctions Implementation, 2019. Public penalty notice, 8 March 2019.
  76. Imposition of Monetary Penalty – Raphaels Bank. HM Treasury, Office of Financial Sanctions Implementation, 2019. Public penalty notice (revised), 21 January 2019.
  77. Enforcement action: Epsilon Electronics, Inc.. U.S. Department of the Treasury, Office of Foreign Assets Control, 2018. Penalty notice, 2018-09-13, US$1,500,000.
  78. JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. Settles Potential Civil Liability for Apparent Violations of Multiple Sanctions Programs. U.S. Department of the Treasury, Office of Foreign Assets Control, 2018. Enforcement release, 2018-10-05, US$5,263,171 (and Finding of Violation, JPMorgan Chase & Co.).
  79. Enforcement action: Zhongxing Telecommunications Equipment Corporation. U.S. Department of the Treasury, Office of Foreign Assets Control, 2017. Penalty notice, 2017-03-07, US$100,871,266.
  80. ExxonMobil Corporation Assessed a Penalty for Violating the Ukraine-Related Sanctions Regulations (enforcement information for July 20, 2017). U.S. Department of the Treasury, Office of Foreign Assets Control, 2017. Penalty notice summary, 2017-07-20, US$2,000,000.
  81. CSE Global Limited and CSE TransTel Pte. Ltd. Settle Potential Civil Liability for Apparent Violations of IEEPA and the Iranian Transactions and Sanctions Regulations (enforcement information for July 27, 2017). U.S. Department of the Treasury, Office of Foreign Assets Control, 2017. Enforcement information, 2017-07-27, US$12,027,066.
  82. Enforcement action: Commerzbank AG. U.S. Department of the Treasury, Office of Foreign Assets Control, 2015. Penalty notice, 2015-03-12, US$258,660,796.
  83. Crédit Agricole Corporate and Investment Bank Settles Potential Civil Liability for Apparent Violations of Multiple Sanctions Programs (enforcement information for October 20, 2015). U.S. Department of the Treasury, Office of Foreign Assets Control, 2015. Enforcement information, 2015-10-20, US$329,593,585.
  84. PayPal, Inc. Settles Potential Civil Liability for Apparent Violations of Multiple Sanctions Programs. U.S. Department of the Treasury, Office of Foreign Assets Control, 2015. Enforcement information, 2015-03-25, US$7,658,300.
  85. Enforcement action: BNP Paribas SA. U.S. Department of the Treasury, Office of Foreign Assets Control, 2014. Penalty notice, 2014-06-30, US$963,619,900.
  86. Enforcement action: Clearstream Banking, S.A.. U.S. Department of the Treasury, Office of Foreign Assets Control, 2014. Penalty notice, 2014-01-23, US$151,902,000.
  87. Enforcement action: Fokker Services B.V.. U.S. Department of the Treasury, Office of Foreign Assets Control, 2014. Penalty notice, 2014-06-05, US$50,922,208.
  88. Joint-Stock Commercial Bank “Bank of Moscow” Settles Potential Civil Liability for Alleged Violations of E.O. 13382 (enforcement information for January 27, 2014). U.S. Department of the Treasury, Office of Foreign Assets Control, 2014. Enforcement information, 2014-01-27, US$9,492,525.
  89. Intesa Sanpaolo S.p.A. Settles Potential Civil Liability for Apparent Violations of Multiple Sanctions Programs. U.S. Department of the Treasury, Office of Foreign Assets Control, 2013. Enforcement release, 2013-06-28, US$2,949,030.
  90. Royal Bank of Scotland plc Settles Potential Civil Liability for Apparent Violations of Multiple Sanctions Programs. U.S. Department of the Treasury, Office of Foreign Assets Control, 2013. Enforcement release, 2013-12-11, US$33,122,307.
  91. Enforcement action: ING Bank N.V.. U.S. Department of the Treasury, Office of Foreign Assets Control, 2012. Penalty notice, 2012-06-12, US$619,000,000.
  92. HSBC Holdings plc Settles Potential Liability for Apparent Violations of Multiple Sanctions Programs (enforcement information for December 11, 2012). U.S. Department of the Treasury, Office of Foreign Assets Control, 2012. Enforcement information, 2012-12-11, US$375,000,000.
  93. Standard Chartered Bank Settles Potential Liability for Apparent Violations of Multiple Sanctions Programs (enforcement information for December 10, 2012). U.S. Department of the Treasury, Office of Foreign Assets Control, 2012. Enforcement information, 2012-12-10, US$132,000,000.
  94. Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ, Ltd. Settles Potential Civil Liability for Apparent Violations of Multiple Sanctions Programs. U.S. Department of the Treasury, Office of Foreign Assets Control, 2012. Enforcement release, 2012-12-12, US$8,571,634.
  95. JPMorgan Chase Bank N.A. Settles Apparent Violations of Multiple Sanctions Programs. U.S. Department of the Treasury, Office of Foreign Assets Control, 2011. Enforcement release, 2011-08-25, US$88,300,000.
  96. Maersk Line, Limited Settles Sudanese Sanctions Regulations and Iranian Transactions Regulations Allegations (enforcement information for July 28, 2010). U.S. Department of the Treasury, Office of Foreign Assets Control, 2010. Enforcement information, 2010-07-28, US$3,088,400.
  97. Settlement Agreement between OFAC and Barclays Bank PLC (MUL-488066). U.S. Department of the Treasury, Office of Foreign Assets Control, 2010. Settlement agreement, 2010-08-18, US$176,000,000.
  98. Balli Group PLC and Balli Aviation, Ltd. Settle Iranian Transaction Regulations and Export Administration Regulations Allegations (enforcement information for February 5, 2010). U.S. Department of the Treasury, Office of Foreign Assets Control, 2010. Enforcement information, 2010-02-05, US$15,000,000.
  99. Enforcement action: Credit Suisse AG. U.S. Department of the Treasury, Office of Foreign Assets Control, 2009. Penalty notice, 2009-12-16, US$536,000,000.
  100. DHL Settles Iranian Transactions Regulations, Sudanese Sanctions Regulations, Reporting, Procedures and Penalties Regulations, and Export Administration Regulations Allegations (enforcement information for August 6, 2009). U.S. Department of the Treasury, Office of Foreign Assets Control, 2009. Enforcement information, 2009-08-06, US$9,444,744.
  101. Lloyds TSB Bank, plc, Settles Allegations of Violations of the Iranian Transactions Regulations, the Sudanese Sanctions Regulations, and the now-repealed Libyan Sanctions Regulations. U.S. Department of the Treasury, Office of Foreign Assets Control, 2009. Web posting, 2009-12-22, US$217,000,000.

Court records

  1. CourtListener and the RECAP Archive. Free Law Project, 2026.
  2. Judgment in criminal case 1-25-7117, Harju County Court (Harju Maakohus). Harju County Court, Estonia, 2026. Case 1-25-7117, 21 January 2026, plea agreement procedure (in Estonian).
  3. Judgment in criminal case 1-24-5973, Tartu Court of Appeal (Tartu Ringkonnakohus). Tartu Court of Appeal, Estonia, 2026. Case 1-24-5973, 6 March 2026 (in Estonian).
  4. United States v. Flighttime Enterprises, Inc., 1:25-cr-00017 (S.D. Ohio) — docket. CourtListener / RECAP Archive, Free Law Project, 2025. Docket 1:25-cr-00017, filed 12 Feb 2025.
  5. Ohio-Based Supplier of Aircraft Parts and Three Employees Charged for Illicit Export Scheme Involving Russia. U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Public Affairs, 2025. Indictment announced 13 February 2025.
  6. Judgment in criminal case 1-24-2795, Tallinn Court of Appeal (Tallinna Ringkonnakohus). Tallinn Court of Appeal, Estonia, 2025. Case 1-24-2795, 6 October 2025 (in Estonian).
  7. United States v. Sinyavsky, 1:24-cr-20529 (S.D. Fla.) — docket. CourtListener / RECAP Archive, Free Law Project, 2024. Docket 1:24-cr-20529, filed 4 Dec 2024, guilty plea 16 Jan 2025 — the same day as this case's OFAC settlement. Docket text references Family International Realty, Abramov and Perevalov by name..
  8. Brooklyn Resident and Two Russian-Canadian Nationals Charged with Massive Sanctions Evasion and Export Control Scheme. U.S. Attorney’s Office, Eastern District of New York, 2023.
  9. Judgment against a Dutch electronics company, Rechtbank Rotterdam, 83/235378-22. Rechtbank Rotterdam, the Netherlands, 2023. ECLI:NL:RBROT:2023:10071, published 31 October 2023 (in Dutch).
  10. Judgment against the company's managing director, Rechtbank Rotterdam, 83-235373-22. Rechtbank Rotterdam, the Netherlands, 2023. ECLI:NL:RBROT:2023:10072 (in Dutch).
  11. Turkish Bank Charged In Manhattan Federal Court For Its Participation In A Multibillion-Dollar Iranian Sanctions Evasion Scheme. U.S. Attorney’s Office, Southern District of New York, 2019. Indictment, October 2019.
  12. Exxon Mobil Corp. v. Mnuchin, No. 3:17-CV-1930-B, Memorandum Opinion and Order (Boyle, J.). U.S. District Court, Northern District of Texas, 2019. Doc. 110, filed 31 December 2019.
  13. Turkish Banker Convicted Of Conspiring To Evade U.S. Sanctions Against Iran And Other Offenses. U.S. Attorney’s Office, Southern District of New York, 2018. Verdict, 3 January 2018.
  14. Turkish Banker Mehmet Hakan Atilla Sentenced To 32 Months For Conspiring To Violate U.S. Sanctions Against Iran And Other Offenses. U.S. Attorney’s Office, Southern District of New York, 2018.
  15. United States v. ZTE Corporation, 3:17-cr-00120 (N.D. Tex.) — docket. CourtListener / RECAP Archive, Free Law Project, 2017. Docket 3:17-cr-00120, filed 7 Mar 2017.
  16. United States v. Zarrab, 1:15-cr-00867 (S.D.N.Y.) — docket. CourtListener / RECAP Archive, Free Law Project, 2015. Docket 1:15-cr-00867, filed 15 Dec 2015. Halkbank was added by superseding indictment in this same docket in 2019, not a separate case number..
  17. United States v. Commerzbank AG, 1:15-cr-00031 (D.D.C.) — docket. CourtListener / RECAP Archive, Free Law Project, 2015. Docket 1:15-cr-00031, filed 12 Mar 2015.
  18. Epsilon Electronics, Inc. v. U.S. Department of the Treasury, OFAC, 1:14-cv-02220 (D.D.C.) — docket. CourtListener / RECAP Archive, Free Law Project, 2014. Docket 1:14-cv-02220, filed 31 Dec 2014, terminated 7 Mar 2016 (appealed thereafter to the D.C. Circuit).
  19. United States v. BNP Paribas S.A., 1:14-cr-00460 (S.D.N.Y.) — docket. CourtListener / RECAP Archive, Free Law Project, 2014. Docket 1:14-cr-00460, filed 9 Jul 2014.
  20. United States v. Fokker Services B.V., 1:14-cr-00121 (D.D.C.) — docket. CourtListener / RECAP Archive, Free Law Project, 2014. Docket 1:14-cr-00121, filed 4 Jun 2014.

Official press releases

  1. Export Enforcement. U.S. Bureau of Industry and Security, 2026.
  2. Office of Public Affairs press releases. U.S. Department of Justice, 2026.
  3. Treasury Disrupts Iranian Regime's Strait of Hormuz Extortion Network. U.S. Department of the Treasury, 2026. Press release sb0581, 29 July 2026.
  4. Arrest of Five Suspected Members of a Criminal Organisation Conducting Export Business in Violation of the Foreign Trade and Payments Act. Der Generalbundesanwalt (Federal Public Prosecutor General, Germany), 2026. Press release, 2 February 2026.
  5. Economic Fury Targets Iran Shadow Banking Facilitators. U.S. Department of the Treasury, 2026. Press release sb0477, 28 April 2026.
  6. Economic Fury Targets Iranian Shadow Banking Networks Moving Billions in Foreign Currency. U.S. Department of the Treasury, 2026. Press release sb0483, 1 May 2026.
  7. Treasury Targets Key Supreme Leader Financier and Iran’s Shadow Exchange Houses. U.S. Department of the Treasury, 2026. Press release sb0558, 10 July 2026.
  8. Treasury Dismantles Iranian Regime’s Global Clandestine Currency Networks. U.S. Department of the Treasury, 2026. Press release sb0596, 7 August 2026.
  9. Treasury Launches Unprecedented Campaign Against Iranian Regime on Economic D-Day. U.S. Department of the Treasury, 2026. Press release sb0613, 24 August 2026.
  10. Operation Economic Outcast Targets Iran’s International Financial Networks and Shadow Banking Architecture. U.S. Department of the Treasury, 2026. Press release sb0660, 15 October 2026.
  11. Treasury Sanctions Iranian Network Laundering Billions for Regime Through Shadow Banking Scheme. U.S. Department of the Treasury, 2025. Press release sb0159, 6 June 2025.
  12. Treasury Targets Additional Elements of Iran’s “Shadow Banking” Network. U.S. Department of the Treasury, 2025. Press release sb0191, 9 July 2025.
  13. Treasury Exposes Money Laundering Network Using Digital Assets to Evade Sanctions. U.S. Department of the Treasury, 2024. Press release jy2735, 4 December 2024.
  14. Support to Dutch action against violation of export sanctions to Russia: three arrests. Eurojust, 2024. Press release, 23 January 2024; action day 9 January 2024.
  15. Treasury Sanctions Entities for Transporting Oil Sold Above the Coalition Price Cap. U.S. Department of the Treasury, 2023. Press release jy1795, 12 October 2023.
  16. Treasury Sanctions Mixer Used by the DPRK to Launder Stolen Virtual Currency. U.S. Department of the Treasury, 2023. Press release jy1933, 29 November 2023.
  17. U.S. Treasury Issues First-Ever Sanctions on a Virtual Currency Mixer, Targets DPRK Cyber Threats. U.S. Department of the Treasury, 2022. Press release jy0768, 6 May 2022.
  18. U.S. Treasury Sanctions Notorious Virtual Currency Mixer Tornado Cash. U.S. Department of the Treasury, 2022. Press release jy0916, 8 August 2022.
  19. Canada starts first process to seize and pursue the forfeiture of assets of sanctioned Russian oligarch. Global Affairs Canada, 2022.
  20. Treasury Designates Iran-Based Financial Facilitators of Malicious Cyber Activity and for the First Time Identifies Associated Digital Currency Addresses. U.S. Department of the Treasury, 2018. Press release sm556, 28 November 2018.
  21. Treasury Department Reaches Landmark Settlement with HSBC. U.S. Department of the Treasury, 2012. Press release, 11 December 2012.
  22. U.S. Treasury Department Announces $619 Million Settlement with ING Bank, N.V.. U.S. Department of the Treasury, 2012. Press release, 12 June 2012.

Datasets and data services

  1. Recent Actions. U.S. Department of the Treasury, Office of Foreign Assets Control, 2026.
  2. Specially Designated Nationals and Blocked Persons List (SDN.XML). OFAC Sanctions List Service, 2026.
  3. United Nations Security Council Consolidated List. United Nations Security Council, 2026.
  4. Consolidated Screening List. U.S. International Trade Administration, 2026.
  5. Consolidated Screening List Search. U.S. International Trade Administration, 2026.
  6. Financial sanctions: consolidated list of targets. HM Treasury, Office of Financial Sanctions Implementation, 2026.
  7. EU Sanctions Map. European Union, 2026.
  8. Consolidated list of persons, groups and entities subject to EU financial sanctions. European Commission, 2026.
  9. UN Comtrade Database. United Nations Statistics Division, 2026.
  10. International trade in goods database. Eurostat, 2026.
  11. USA Trade Online. U.S. Census Bureau, 2026.
  12. Data licensing. OpenSanctions, 2026.
  13. OpenCorporates. OpenCorporates, 2026.
  14. Offshore Leaks Database. International Consortium of Investigative Journalists, 2026.
  15. Companies House Developer Hub. UK Companies House, 2026.

Research and NGO publications

  1. Open Ownership. Open Ownership, 2026.
  2. Conflict Armament Research field investigations. Conflict Armament Research, 2026.
  3. Centre for Research on Energy and Clean Air. CREA, 2026.
  4. KSE Institute sanctions analytics. Kyiv School of Economics Institute, 2026.
  5. Financial Trend Analysis: Iranian Shadow Banking, Trends in Bank Secrecy Act Data. U.S. Financial Crimes Enforcement Network, 2025. Financial Trend Analysis, October 2025 (BSA data for calendar year 2024).
  6. Trade Misinvoicing. Global Financial Integrity, 2024.
  7. Crypto Crime Report. Chainalysis, 2024.