Sanctions Evasion Reference

Free trade zone

A designated area where goods may be landed, stored, handled and re-exported without the customs formalities that would apply in the domestic territory.

also known as

FTZ, free zone, bonded warehouse

reviewed

2026-08-20

Free trade zones exist in most trading economies and handle an enormous share of legitimate commerce. The feature relevant here is that goods inside a zone are, for customs purposes, often treated as not having entered the country, so the ordinary import declaration that would fix their description and origin is not made.

FATF’s trade-based money laundering work identifies zones as a recurring weak point precisely because records of what entered and what left can be held by the zone operator rather than by customs, and are not always reconciled.

Where this term is used

  • What is dual-use re-export diversion? — Buying controlled civil-use goods lawfully in an open market and re-exporting them to a restricted end user, exploiting the fact that the item itself looks entirely ordinary.
  • What is cargo origin blending? — Mixing, decanting or re-documenting a commodity in transit so that restricted cargo is no longer traceable to its origin and arrives certified as coming from somewhere else.
  • What is third-country transshipment? — Routing restricted goods through an intermediate country so that the shipment reaching the restricted destination appears to originate somewhere the exporter would have supplied without question.

Related terms

  • Transshipment — Unloading goods from one conveyance and reloading them onto another en route, so that the shipment reaches its destination through an intermediate country.
  • Certificate of origin — A document certifying the country in which goods were produced, used to determine tariff treatment and whether origin-based restrictions apply.

Sources

  1. Trade-Based Money Laundering: Trends and Developments. Financial Action Task Force and Egmont Group, 2020.

All glossary terms