Australia’s regime combines UN-mandated measures with an autonomous framework, both administered through a permit system rather than the general and specific licence structure used in the United States.
Why it appears in this reference
Two reasons. Australia is a significant participant in the maritime and resources trade that several techniques on this site concern, and Australian-headquartered logistics and mining companies have featured in enforcement actions by other authorities — the Toll Holdings settlement being the clearest example of an Australian company reaching a US regulator through dollar payments.
That case is the general lesson for any non-US business: the applicable regime is not only the one where you are incorporated.