BIS administers what the goods can do rather than who the counterparty is. That distinction is the most common source of confusion in this field, and it matters practically: screening a customer against the SDN List discharges no export control obligation at all.
The Entity List is not a sanctions list
Addition to the Entity List imposes a licence requirement, usually with a stated presumption of denial, on exports of items subject to the Export Administration Regulations to the named party. It does not freeze property and it does not prohibit all dealings.
Conflating it with designation is the most frequent error in reporting on this subject, and the two carry entirely different obligations for anyone dealing with the party.
Extraterritorial reach
Two mechanisms carry US export control jurisdiction into goods made entirely abroad. The de minimis rule catches foreign items containing more than a threshold percentage of controlled US content. The foreign direct product rule catches foreign items that are the direct product of US-origin technology, software or production equipment.
Between them they are the reason a transaction with no US party can require a US licence, and they are what third-country re-export schemes are built to work around.
Its enforcement literature
BIS publishes a case compendium that is one of the most useful open sources on procurement network behaviour, because it describes what the purchaser actually did rather than only what was decided.